For students of history, the China stock market crash looks eerily familiar.
It's playing out much like the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929.
In case you've been distracted by such things as the Greek debt crisis and a bizarre glitch that shut down the New York Stock Exchange for more than three hours Wednesday, the Chinese stock market has been in a free fall lately.
Although it rebounded 5.8% today (Thursday) thanks to more government intervention, the Shanghai Composite Index has shed 29% over the past month.
An equivalent loss for the Dow Jones Industrial Average would be a drop of more than 5,100. Paper losses already exceed $3.25 trillion.
This follows a dramatic run-up of 150% in the 12 months leading up to mid-June.
That's disturbing enough, given how interdependent the global economy is today. But the similarities of the China stock market crash to the Crash of 1929 make it particularly troubling.
Both have prominently featured failed interventions.
Back in 1929, it was the big bankers of Wall Street that tried to stop the bleeding. The top names of the day - Morgan Bank, Chase National Bank, and National City Bank - pooled their resources and tried to prop up the market by buying shares of blue-chip stocks such as United States Steel Corp. (NYSE: X).
But the strategy could not overcome the wave of selling, which eventually dropped the DJIA 89% from its peak.
In China, the government has done just about everything it can think of to halt the Chinese stock market crash. The government has:
- Loaned $42 billion to 21 brokerage firms to buy stock
- Announced a $40 billion economic stimulus plan
- Allowed half the listed companies to stop trading of their shares
- Prohibited controlling shareholders and company board members from selling any shares for six months
- Put all IPOs on ice for now
- Instructed the People's Bank of China to cut interest rates by 0.25%
- Announced a crackdown on short selling
These drastic measures have succeeded in only briefly reversing the China stock market crash.
And the reason why echoes yet another parallel with the 1929 crash...
The Real Cause of the China Stock Market Crash
One of the factors fueling the soaring stock market of the 1920s was an influx of new, financially unsophisticated investors who saw the rising numbers and saw an opportunity for quick and easy profits.
And that's exactly what's happened in China over the past year or so. Making matters worse is that these inexperienced Chinese investors tend to follow a herd mentality.
"Chinese individual investors are not primarily 'value' investors. Sky-high valuations don't seem to faze them. They are primarily momentum investors who buy whatever is moving and sell whatever is falling," financial expert John Mauldin wrote in his "Thoughts from the Frontline" e-letter last week.
And many of these investors were willing to borrow money - trade on margin -- to enhance those profits.
"Almost every account that's been opened in China comes with a margin agreement and access to margin. Margin lending is big business in China, as it is here in the U.S.," said Money Morning Capital Wave Strategist Shah Gilani.
Margin trading was a big reason the 1929 crash was so severe. In margin trading, an investor borrows part of the money - in the late 1920s as much as 90% -- to buy more stock.
That's great when the stock rises, but becomes a major problem when it falls.
The Dangers of Margin Trading on the Stock Market
That's because the lower stock price reduces the equity the investor has while the amount owed remains the same. Once a stock falls to a certain point, it triggers a "margin call." The broker holding the loan asks for more cash to get the ratio back to where it's supposed to be.
For many small investors, the only way to get that cash is to sell some of their shares. Of course, a lot of margin calls causes a lot of selling - and forces prices down even more. And that triggers still more selling.
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That's what happened in 1929, and that's what's happening now in the Chinese stock market. While government intervention can slow this kind of decline temporarily, it can't stop it.
And in China we still have a long way to go.
"Until the margin buyers are gone, we don't expect a stabilization or possibility for the market to start heading higher again," Sean Yokota, head of Asia strategy for SEB Bank, told MarketWatch. "We are only one-third of the way through [deleveraging]."
The 1929 crash is remembered for a few hectic days in October of that year, but the market didn't bottom out until July 8, 1932. The Dow Jones did not return to its 1929 high until Nov. 23, 1954.
That's not to say China will suffer just as severe a collapse. But the Chinese stock market is on shaky ground right now.
Gilani believes U.S. investors need to keep a close watch on the situation in China. He's against advising panic selling, but recommends investors have stop-loss orders in place in the event the China stock market crash inflicts collateral damage on the global markets.
"In spite of everything Chinese authorities and regulators are doing to shore up the stock market, there's a better than 50% chance their efforts will fail and that a devastating crash could send global markets back into a 2008-era financial crisis," Gilani warned.
How to Prepare for a Stock Market Crash: Most investors fear the prospect of a stock market crash. But as Shah Gilani points out, it can actually be easier to make money in a falling market than a rising one. These four investments will have you reaping profits while everyone else watches their portfolio wither...
Related Articles:
- Mauldin Economics: A Week of Unseen Things
- MarketWatch: Chinese Stocks Make Biggest Daily Gain in 6 Years
About the Author
David Zeiler, Associate Editor for Money Morning at Money Map Press, has been a journalist for more than 35 years, including 18 spent at The Baltimore Sun. He has worked as a writer, editor, and page designer at different times in his career. He's interviewed a number of well-known personalities - ranging from punk rock icon Joey Ramone to Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Wozniak.
Over the course of his journalistic career, Dave has covered many diverse subjects. Since arriving at Money Morning in 2011, he has focused primarily on technology. He's an expert on both Apple and cryptocurrencies. He started writing about Apple for The Sun in the mid-1990s, and had an Apple blog on The Sun's web site from 2007-2009. Dave's been writing about Bitcoin since 2011 - long before most people had even heard of it. He even mined it for a short time.
Dave has a BA in English and Mass Communications from Loyola University Maryland.