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Every time you think that the embarrassment known as Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. (NYSE: VRX) could not worsen, the company proves you wrong. Just two weeks after announcing the return of CEO J. Michael Pearson after a well-deserved sick leave and the withdrawal of 2016 earnings guidance, VRX announced new guidance and earnings that sent its stock down 50% in a single day. Sure Money readers made as much as 700% on my recommendation to purchase March 50 puts and June 50 puts on the stock.
Then a week after that, the company announced that it was firing Mr. Pearson (something I called for last October), that its former CFO Howard Schiller had cooked the books (see under "scapegoat"), and that activist investor Bill Ackman, one of the company's largest shareholders (whose fund managed to lose $1 billion in a single day on VRX stock) was joining the board. Mr. Schiller refused to resign as a director and denied the allegations (see under "the circus has come to town").
As one of the few people to point out the company's flaws (along with Jim Grant and some others) and warn investors to short the stock last October, I received the usual share of angry mail from readers who disagreed with me. Among the criticisms I received was how dare I question the judgment of the large hedge funds that owned big stakes in the business. After all, they are run by very smart people with enormous resources. My response was that I learned to think for myself a long time ago and my work on VRX uncovered a house of cards.
Not long ago I explained how investors get "tricked" into buying disasters like Valeant.
Today, I want to tell you how to avoid these train wrecks in the first place.
Here are the signs I watch for - and that you should watch for, too...
How to Avoid Companies Like Valeant Pharmaceuticals
Everyone associated with Valeant should hang their head in shame. This ranks among the most disgraceful and inexcusable failures of governance and analysis in the annals of Wall Street. The flaws at VRX were, of course, obvious to anyone with an objective and critical mind.
The company's financial statements were filled with non-GAAP adjustments that misrepresented its true financial condition. The company was highly leveraged and unduly dependent on acquisitions for growth and high-priced debt to fuel that growth. The company's business practice of raising drug prices by exorbitant amounts while short-changing research and development was short-sighted and, in my view, politically vulnerable. In short, its business model was unsustainable and its debt and equity grossly overvalued.
As usual, virtually every Wall Street analyst covering the company was complicit in leading investors over the cliff by joining management in pimping the stock and maintaining exorbitant price targets in the $175 to $200 per share range until the bitter end. Prior to the company's fateful conference call on Tuesday, March 15, 21 of the 23 analysts covering the company had "Buy" or "Hold" ratings with an average price target of $136 per share, double its closing price on Monday, March 14, of $69.04. Several of them had stock targets of $200 per share. Why all of these individuals haven't been summarily fired is a mystery. As we all know, the VRX stock price plunged by 50% on March 15 after one of the worst conference calls in the history of company conference calls. At the opening of trading on March 31, it was trading at $27.07 per share (see under "ugly").
There are probably too many lessons to glean from this disaster to list them all, but I will do my best to list some of the most important things that investors should learn from this disaster:
- Beware companies that inflate their earnings and misrepresent their true financial condition by reporting large non-GAAP earnings adjustments.
- Leverage is toxic (particularly when it is incurred during a period when interest rates are lowered by central bank policies to artificially low levels). There are very few exceptions.
- Companies that engage in unethical behavior are not investable. How a company makes money is as important as how much money it makes. The minute the Philidor Rx Services news broke, investors should have dumped their VRX stock (which I told them to do).
- Companies that provide confusing or incomplete disclosure are also not investable. This is just as true of VRX as it was of Enron. VRX's disclosure reads like a postmodern novel.
- Wall Street analysts are paid to promote the stocks of their clients, which renders their recommendations corrupt and useless (with very rare exceptions like the folks at independent firms like CLSA). VRX has paid $398 million in investment banking fees since 2013. Anyone who follows Wall Street's investment recommendations is a fool.
- Heavy hedge fund ownership of a stock does not mean that the company was discovered by "smart money" - it means that short-term investors crowded into a trade.
- Any fund that invests 20% to 30% of its assets in a single investment is behaving recklessly (see under: The Sequoia Fund, Pershing Square Capital Management), subjecting its investors to inappropriate risk, and should be intensely questioned by its investors.
- The fact that big-name investors own a stock is no guarantee that the stock is a good investment. The trail of broken stocks owned by well-known hedge funds, private equity funds, and other large investors grows longer by the day - SunEdison Inc. (NYSE: SUNE), Ocwen Financial Corp. (NYSE: OCN), CONSOL Energy Inc. (NYSE: CNX), Chesapeake Energy Corp. (NYSE: CHK), Sears Holding Corp. (Nasdaq: SHLD), Glencore Plc. (LON: GLEN), most energy stocks, etc. Investors need to think for themselves and not be swayed by the media and celebrity investors. The financial media is uninformed, simplistic, and sycophantic in its coverage of activist and other large investors who, in case anyone notices, generate poor risk-adjusted returns with very few exceptions.
- Ignore pretty much everything written by the mainstream press. Now The New York Times talks about VRX's "serial acquisition of sometimes mediocre assets at inflated prices, partly in a quest by senior executives to achieve aggressive targets - at any cost, it now seems." But you rarely heard a whiff of criticism from mainstream sources of Mr. Pearson or the company when the stock was trading at much higher prices. Instead, the television presenters at CNBC, Bloomberg, and other mainstream media were full of praise for a company that pursued a toxic business plan that preyed on the sick. You had to turn to people like me to tell the truth.
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Editor's Note: This year, your most valuable asset may be Michael Lewitt's free Sure Money service. In Sure Money, Michael helps you see what's going up, what's going down, and how to profit. Sign up now by clicking here, and you'll get instant access to all of Michael's investing tips, recommendations, and specific instructions, including his exclusive "Super Crash Report."
About the Author
Prominent money manager. Has built top-ranked credit and hedge funds, managed billions for institutional and high-net-worth clients. 29-year career.
