Everything You Need to Know About Bernie Sanders' "Medicare for All" Bill

Medicare for all

If Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-VT) "Medicare for All" Bill passes, it will make Medicare almost unrecognizable.

Sanders is attempting to address the call from nearly a third of the Senate Democratic Caucus - who've been adamant about a single-payer healthcare system - by proposing the Medicare for All Bill.

The bill would completely eliminate all out-of-pocket healthcare costs for individuals, as well as deductibles for any resident of the United States - regardless of income status.

"Our job will not be completed until we build upon the success of the ACA through the establishment of a Medicare for All, single-payer health care system," wrote the bill's drafters.

The bill has also gained the support of many prominent Democratic personalities, like Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), Kamala Harris (D-CA), Cory Booker (D-NJ), and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) - just to name a few.

Here's what we know so far...

How Will the Medicare for All Bill Be Implemented?

The drafters of the bill claim that it would slowly move people from employer-based insurance onto the government-run Medicare program over four years.

The bill calls for the elimination of premiums for private health insurance, deductibles, and co-pays. However, most Americans and businesses will pay what Sanders says is a much smaller share of their income to fund the program, according to CNN.

Here's a breakdown of the time frame for the plan:

During the first year, the Medicare for All Bill would add prescription drugs, dental, vision, and hearing aids to the program. People age 55 and older as well as those under 18 will become eligible for Medicare during this first year.

Video

Introducing Medicare for All

Within the second year, people over 45 years old would become eligible for the program.

In the third year, the eligibility threshold would drop to 35 years old.

By the fourth year, any resident of the United States would be eligible for the program. Although, as ThinkProgress.org points out, it's unclear how the drafters intend to define "resident."

What Would Medicare for All Coverage Look Like?

The bill is designed to create a universal Medicare program for everyone in the country.

Unlike the current Medicare system, Bernie Sanders' proposal would do away with all deductibles and out-of-pocket costs, like co-insurance and co-payments.

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Comprehensive coverage would be available for every enrollee in the program. This includes hospital and emergency services, prescription drugs, mental health services, substance abuse treatment, primary and preventative care, laboratory and diagnostic services, and pediatrics. It also would cover dental, vision, and audiology services, unlike the current Medicare system.

It also expands reproductive health services to include abortion.

Under the Medicare for All Bill, federally-funded health programs like the Veterans Affairs Health Benefits, Medicaid, and the Indian Health Service will not be affected.

What Costs Would Be Associated with the Medicare for All Bill?

The drafters of the bill claim that it will save consumers money by effectively streamlining how U.S. residents access health care.

"Instead of wasting hundreds of billions of dollars trying to administer an enormously complicated system of hundreds of separate insurance plans, there would be one insurance plan for the American people with one single payer," wrote the drafters.

Moreover, the bill would encourage the government to negotiate directly with drug manufacturers to lower the cost of prescription drugs.

The Kaiser Family Foundation Senior Vice President for Special Initiatives Larry Levitt tweeted "Administrative costs and profits under a single-payer plan would almost certainly be lower," on Sep. 8, in support of the bill. However, he also noted that a single-payer system could result in higher taxes and other negative trade-offs.

How Will the Medicare for All Bill Be Funded?

This is where the problem with the bill lies.

In its current form, the outline does not explicitly say how the government would pay for the program. Sanders' team of drafters told ThinkProgress.org they will release the funding in a "separate white paper."

Funding is a major concern with single-payer healthcare systems due to their large coverage base.

The bill also does not address how it will handle (and pay for) what is certainly going to be an older and less healthy marketplace during the first few years of implementation.

However, funding issues aside, the executive summary of the bill notes there is widespread support for the policy. 60% of Americans - including 75% Democrats, 58% Independents, and 46% of Republicans - support expanding coverage to all Americans, according to The Economist and YouGov.

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